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More Budget Talk at the School Board Meeting: An Internet Café at Issue

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internetcafeThe budget saga continued at the Scarsdale Board of Education meeting on Monday night 3-19 at Scarsdale High School. The board maintains that the budget for the upcoming year is fiscally responsible, coming in within the confines of the tax cap, and maintains and enhances current programs. Board President Jill Spieler noted in her opening remarks that many assumptions have been made that do not hold up under analysis. She says that it is widely assumed that there will be continued draw-downs of $500,000 in surplus each year to come in under the cap. She says that no decision has been made about subsequent years and decisions will be made on a year-by-year basis. She says that it is widely assumed that state aid will be constant, though that is also a variable. In fact, many of the board members speaking on Monday who spoke agreed and said that this year’s actions would not necessarily be repeated in future years. Factors such as healthcare, heating and capital costs vary from year to year for example and could affect the surplus as well as the need for funds.

Board member Lewis Leone said the budget must be transparent and fair to the schools as well as the taxpayer. He said that the schools are fully reserved and continually adding to the surplus implies that we are asking for more money from the taxpayer than is necessary. He mentioned that there is no line on the budget for a surplus and that it is time for the board to wean itself from this practice.

Board member Suzanne Seiden remarked that the roller coaster ride of the budget this year could have been a reality television show (maybe on C-Span) but said that thanks to skill, hard work and some luck the board came in under the cap after initially predicting it to be millions over. She believes the residents are smart enough to consider each year’s budget separately and to vote accordingly.

Some community members saw things a bit differently:

Gayle Hutcher of the PT Council urged the board to always do what is best for the students, and said that this year should not be a guide for the future. She said that cutting into the surplus this year may be okay but cautioned against doing this in the future and urged the board to review this practice for next year.

Art Rublin, Chair of the Coalition for Scarsdale Schools read prepared remarks, saying that the board should reconsider departing from the proposed budget in the area of planned surplus, noting that the proposal would mean a 40 percent reduction in the surplus that could impact future budgets. (See his remarks below.)

Meanwhile, Scarsdale resident Robert Berg took issue with spending. He said while he was pleased that the budget technically complies with the tax cap law he is troubled by two items in the current budget: turning the old high school auto shop into an ‘internet café’ and the construction of a new high school fitness center. He urged the board to remove these items from the proposed budget. This was not the first time the internet café came up that evening. Earlier that night, when the board met with high school parents, the issue of overcrowding in the cafeteria and bottlenecks on the lunch line for the younger grades were discussed.

Superintendent McGill and Spieler explained to that the internet café is a bit of a misnomer as the new space is intended to not only alleviate some of the overcrowding in the cafeteria but to also serve as a work space for the kids outside of the class room. It was also noted at the meeting that reconfiguring the old auto shop is less expensive than adding an addition onto the cafeteria.

In fact, the new fitness center was on the books since 2008 and scrubbed due to the economic downturn. The current fitness center is overcrowded and poses safety risks.

That evening there was a presentation on Mandarin in the high school- a hot button at last year’s budget meetings. Sylvie Corten, the high school’s world language chair said there were 51 students in all three levels of the course and reviewed their growth this year. She along with Ms. Gu, the Mandarin teacher, presented a short film showing the remarkable proficiency of the students in the Mandarin classes.

There was also a report about the East-West Center and the Interdependence Institute which is a social studies program that works with schools in APEC nations. This was funded with grant money and the report showed the progress made there.

The night wrapped up with Chief Finance Manager Jeff Martin giving a financial report for January and February. With factors such as high oil prices, but low heating needs it was difficult to make accurate projections about those costs this year. Due to the mild winter, the district wound up with a surplus for energy costs. Other surpluses are anticipated for health care costs and capital expenditures. The question then becomes what to do with the surplus? Hand it back to the taxpayer or save it for a rainy or in this case, a snowy day? To be continued….

Remarks from Art Rublin, Chairman of the Coalition for Scarsdale Schools:

GOOD EVENING, ART RUBLIN, CHAIR OF THE COALITION FOR SCARSDALE SCHOOLS.

CSS CONTINUES TO APPRECIATE THE BOARD’S INVITATION OF COMMUNITY INPUT ON THE BUDGET. I WANT TO FOCUS TONIGHT ON OUR PROPOSAL FOR AN ADJUSTMENT ON PLANNED SURPLUS.

WE RESPECTFULLY SUGGEST THAT WHILE THE BOARD IS OF COURSE BY NO MEANS BOUND TO WHAT WAS IN THE DISTRICT’S PRELIMINARY PROPOSED BUDGET, THE BOARD SHOULD RECONSIDER DEPARTING FROM THAT PROPOSED BUDGET IN THE AREA OF PLANNED SURPLUS. THAT PRELIMINARY PROPOSED BUDGET BUDGETED FOR A PLANNED SURPLUS FOR NEXT YEAR OF $3.87 MILLION. THAT WOULD BE A REDUCTION OF ALMOST 40% -- 40% -- FROM THE $6.2 MILLION BEING APPLIED AS PRIOR YEAR SURPLUS THIS YEAR. AND IF THE BOARD RETAINS ITS PROPOSALS TO CUT $550,000 FROM THE HEALTH CARE AND UTILITIES BUDGET LINES FOR 2012-13, THE ACTUAL SURPLUS APPLIED NEXT YEAR FOR 2013-14 LIKELY WOULD NOT BE MUCH, IF ANY, MORE THAN THE $3.87 MILLION. SO THE ACTUAL REDUCTION, YEAR OVER YEAR, OF PRIOR YEAR SURPLUS, WOULD LIKELY BE VERY CLOSE TO THAT 40% REDUCTION IN THE BUDGET.

WE BELIEVE THAT THE BOARD’S EXPRESSED DESIRE TO USE THIS YEAR TO BEGIN A DETERMINED EFFORT TO REDUCE SURPLUS SHOULD BE MORE THAN SATISFIED BY A REDUCTION AT THIS VERY SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF APPROXIMATELY 40%. IN SUM, WE BELIEVE THE APPROACH TO PLANNED SURPLUS THAT WAS SET FORTH IN THE PRELIMINARY PROPOSED BUDGET IS NOT ONLY PRUDENT BUT ALSO VERY REASONABLE.

IF THE BOARD DETERMINES THAT IT IS NOT SATISFIED WITH A PROJECTED CUT OF 40% FROM PLANNED SURPLUS, I RESPECTFULLY ASK THAT THE BOARD TAKE ANOTHER CLOSE LOOK AT THE ONE-PAGE PROPOSAL THAT MS. PURVIS PROVIDED TO THE BOARD AT ITS SECOND BUDGET STUDY SESSION, IN RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS FROM BOARD TRUSTEES ABOUT SURPLUSES. I HAVE PROVIDED COPIES TO THE BOARD FOR EASE OF REFERENCE. YOU WILL RECALL THAT MS. PURVIS PROPOSED CUTTING PLANNED SURPLUS FOR 2012-13 BY $700,000, RATHER THAN CUTTING INDIVIDUAL ITEMS, SUCH AS HEALTH CARE OR UTILITIES, THAT MIGHT OR MIGHT NOT PRODUCE SURPLUSES. AND YOU WILL RECALL THAT WHEN ASKED ABOUT THE

DISTINCTION BETWEEN CUTTING PLANNED SURPLUS AND CUTTING UTILITIES AND HEALTH CARE SPENDING, MS. PURVIS AND MR. MARTIN RESPONDED THAT IT WAS SIX IN ONE, HALF DOZEN IN THE OTHER.

THUS, IF THE BOARD ADOPTED MS. PURVIS’ PROPOSAL FOR HOW IT MIGHT CUT $700,000 FROM DR. MCGILL’S BUDGET, THAT COULD BE THE $350,000 THE BOARD CUT FROM HEALTH CARE COSTS, $200,000 FROM UTILITIES, AND THEN $150,000 FROM PLANNED SURPLUS.

MS. PURVIS, TO HER CREDIT, DID NOTE THAT HER PROPOSAL OF A $700,000 CUT WOULD LIKELY MEAN AN INCREASE IN THE TAX LEVY FOR 2013-14, AND ALSO WOULD LIKELY MEAN, 1) “EXCEEDING THE TAX CAP,” WHICH OF COURSE MEANS SEEKING A 60% TAX CAP OVERRIDE VOTE, 2) “ELIMINATING PROGRAMS,” OR 3) USING RESERVES. AND CSS EXPRESSED CONCERNS LAST MONTH ABOUT MS. PURVIS’ PROPOSAL WITH THOSE RISKS IN MIND.

BUT IF BOARD TRUSTEES DETERMINE AS YOU HAVE THE POWER TO DO, NOTWITHSTANDING THE CONCERNS WE HAVE EXPRESSED, THAT YOU WANT TO USE THIS YEAR AS THE FIRST YEAR OF A DETERMINED EFFORT TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE SURPLUSES AS A REVENUE SOURCE FOR THE DISTRICT, WE RESPECTFULLY ASK THAT YOU REVISIT MS. PURVIS’ FEBRUARY 8TH PROPOSAL.

I WILL NOTE THAT IF YOU ADOPT THAT PROPOSAL FOR CUTS OF $700,000 FROM DR. MCGILL’S PROPOSED BUDGET FROM A COMBINATION OF PLANNED SURPLUS, HEALTH CARE, AND UTILITIES, IT APPEARS THAT THE RELATED TAX LEVY WOULD BE SLIGHTLY OVER THE TAX CAP. WHILE, TO BE CLEAR, WE DO NOT THINK IT WOULD MAKE SENSE FOR THE DISTRICT TO BUDGET SIMPLY TO EXCEED THE TAX CAP IN THIS BELLWETHER YEAR, WE ALSO THINK IT WOULD PUT THE DISTRICT IN THE BEST POSITION FOR FUTURE YEARS – THE YEARS DR. MCGILL AND MS. PURVIS VERY RIGHTLY REFERRED TO IN THEIR PROPOSALS TO THE BOARD LAST MONTH, THE YEARS DURING WHICH WE KNOW YOU ALL ARE VERY COMMITTED TO SUPPORT SCARSDALE EDUCATION FOR TOMORROW. AND AT THE SAME TIME, THE TAX RATE FOR SCARSDALE WOULD BE SUBSTANTIALLY LOWER THAN IT WAS LAST YEAR WHEN THE BOARD CONSIDERED BUT DECIDED NOT TO APPLY ADDITIONAL SURPLUS, AS WE WILL DISCUSS IN MORE DETAIL IN A FOLLOWUP SUBMISSION TO YOU.

THANK YOU.

 

 

Scarsdale SBNC Selects Gose and Leone to Serve Additional Terms

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lewleoneThe 2012 School Board Nominating Committee (SBNC) has nominated Mary Beth Gose and Lewis Leone, Jr. to fill their respective seats as each completes an initial term on the Board.

Gose, a former investment banker has been an active volunteer for many years. She was a trustee of the Village of Scarsdale from 2003-2007, Co-President of the League of Women Voters of Westchester and Treasurer of the TVCC, now the Scarsdale Forum. She has an undergraduate degree from Dartmouth and an MBA from the University of Chicago. She was elected to her first term on the school board in 2009.

Lewis Leone, Jr. was elected to the Board of Education in 2010 to fill a seat vacated by Joel Gurin who resigned from his position due to a job relocation to Washington D.C. Leone is a Scarsdale native who played football for the Raiders before attending Princeton where he graduated with a degree in economics. He has served on the Boards of the Maroon and White and Scarsdale Youth Football and coached football, baseball and lacrosse. Currently an executive with Fox5, both Leone and Gose bring financial expertise to the Board of Education.

The School Board Nominating Committee is comprised of 30 voting members (six from each of the five elementary school marybethgoseareas) and four non-voting members (one appointed community representative each from the Scarsdale Neighborhood Association Presidents (SNAP) and the Scarsdale Forum, as well as a vice chair and a chair selected from among the previous year’s outgoing SBNC members). The SBNC met over six Sundays to select candidates based “solely on their qualifications to serve the community” as prescribed by the SBNC resolution. The SBNC thanks all the applicants for the time and effort put forth in their candidacies.

A press release from the SBNC it says, “Scarsdale is privileged in its ability to maintain a nonpartisan election process for our school board that selects board members based on their qualifications, not on their campaigning abilities. Yet, this process cannot endure without the effective and continuous participation of its citizens in each part of the process. It takes a village of dedicated Scarsdalians to make our nonpartisan process so effective. Moreover, we can ensure the highest quality school board only through a dynamic election process thereby safeguarding the continued success of our schools. We therefore encourage all residents to consider running for the 2013 SBNC and think about suggesting candidates for the school board next year." Learn more about the SBNC on their website: www.scarsdalesbnc.com.

The election for the school board candidates and the 2012-13 school budget will be held on Tuesday, May 15.

 

Scarsdale 2012-13 School Budget: Too Little or Too Much?

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questionmarkIn a two-hour presentation on March 5, the Scarsdale Board of Education presented their proposed 2012-13 budget for the Scarsdale Schools, which avoids any cuts in the educational program and comes in below the mandated cap. The $141,634,884 budget is 2.3% higher than the 2011-12 budget and translates to a 3.81% tax increase for Scarsdale residents and 2.64% for those in the Mamaroneck strip. The district was able to propose this very modest increase due to several factors:

1) This year the district spent less than anticipated as a result of more teacher retirements than expected, fewer long term faculty leaves, energy cost savings of $765,000 as a result of the warm winter and savings in health care costs. A projected surplus of $6,195,354 from the 2011-12 budget will be used to fund the 2012-13 budget.

2) Next year costs are projected to go down as enrollment in the elementary schools is expected to decrease. The district will enroll 60 fewer students and the number of elementary school sections will drop by five, decreasing from 113 to 108 classes. Therefore, five fewer elementary school teachers will be needed. This is the fifth year in a row that elementary school enrollment has dropped.

3) Following lengthy discussions, the Board also decided to reduce fund balances for electricity and health insurance resulting in an additional $500,000 in revenues for 2012-13.

Despite economic pressure, the Board was able to maintain class sizes of 22 students in grades K-3 and 24 students in grades 4-5 and to retain the third assistant principal position at the high school. Two unassigned teaching positions are now in the budget to be used to staff classes where needed, depending on enrollment and class selection.

What’s New?

The budget includes $1.92 million for plant improvements, a budget line that was severely cut in the past few years. The funds will be usedspielerBOE3-5 for required repairs and safety upgrades as well as the transformation of the auto shop at the high school into an internet café and satellite cafeteria to relieve crowding in the high school cafeteria. Also under consideration is the expansion of the fitness center at the high school, an item that has been under consideration since 2008.

In the transportation budget $205,000 has been allotted for two new large school buses and two smaller vans that will be purchased to replace equipment that is beyond repair. 1,900 of the district’s 4,700 students live more than 1.5 miles from their schools and use the buses for transportation.

A new Center for Innovation will be formed to explore how technology can transform instruction. The $100,000 in start-up funding will be allocated for project proposals, consultants, speakers, conferences and site visits.

Board President Jill Spieler reiterated that Scarsdale has managed to hold the line on costs without compromising the Scarsdale education. Last year, 99% of Scarsdale graduates went to college and of those, 95% attend four-year colleges and 62% enrolled at the most selective colleges and universities in the country. She asked the community to provide feedback on the budget by email to This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it or by attending the next Board meeting scheduled for March 19. The complete budget document can be reviewed on the School Board website at http://scarsdaleschools.org/Page/17

Last, she reminded everyone to exercise their right to vote on Tuesday May 15th.

Despite what appeared to be a reasonable compromise between economic and educational concerns, some still voiced reservations about the budget.

Speaking on behalf of the PTA Executive Board, President Vivienne Braun reiterated her concern about class sizes at the high school and asked the Board to plan for the future and hire more teachers for the older students. Citing the lost of 8 full time teachers at the high school since 2008 she said that classes are larger and teachers have less time to spend with individual students. In response to the Board’s offer to hire teachers in the summer, she said, “how can we hire at the last minute?”

Both Spieler and McGill resassured her that they have looked into the issue and will continue to monitor class sizes as students select courses for next year. Spieler contended that only 9.4% of high school classes now have more than 25 students, in line with historic norms. She added that hiring more teachers to reduce class sizes at the high school would be a policy decision.

Members of the Coalition for Scarsdale Schools also had concerns about the Board’s proposed budget which is more than $1 million less than the original budget proposed by Dr. McGill. They took issue with the decision to wean the district off funding operating expenses with surpluses from previous years. Speaking about the Board’s move to reduce planned surpluses, Art Rublin said, “The Boards current proposal for reductions in planned surplus and the health care and utility lines would contribute to a revenue deficit of $2.4 million” at this time next year. He presented a rollover analysis demonstrating the long term affect of reducing the surplus by $500,000 per year and warned that the plan would produce “revenue holes” and eliminate the Board’s ability to hedge against “future mandates. pension and health insurance growth, a difficult economy, inflation and state politics.”

Jim Dugan, also of the Coalition for Scarsdale Schools seconded Rublin’s comments and said that complying with the tax cap this year “sets a dangerous precedent.” He feared that “in the future, coming in under the cap will trump other concerns and weaken our ability to attract young families to the community.”

Speaking last, Miriam Pop Seely said the tax cap “is the gorilla in the room that you can’t ignore. If we come in under the cap this year, we’re setting ourselves up for failure in the future.” She urged the Board to use the surplus next year rather than this year. Referring to the Board’s decision to comply with the cap, she added, “ It’s my fear to such an extent that I am already looking at private schools.”

Spieler promised to review the rollover analysis and answered that the surplus had grown in the past few years and the Board had moved to level it out and reduce reliance on the surplus to fund operating expenses.

 

 

Another Strong Year for Scarsdale Debate

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debateteam2012With words like “spike” and “break”, being thrown around, the uninformed listener might think that the kids in Mr. Vaughan’s physics room are engaged in a varsity sport rather than a Lincoln-Douglas debate.

For those unfamiliar with this competitive form of verbal engagement, Lincoln-Douglas, also known as LD, is a style of debate in which two individuals face off in a series of timed case presentations and rebuttals to objectively determine which participant has the better debating skills. The activity is incredibly intense, with top debaters averaging over 250 words spoken a minute to squeeze every argument in their arsenal into a debate round.

So what exactly is the advantage of having a team in such an individual activity? The amount of work that goes into preparing a topic is immense, and by working together to research, prepare and write positions, the SHS LD debaters can be fully prepared for their rounds. December’s issue or “resolved case” was “It is morally permissible for victims to use deadly force as a deliberate response to repeated domestic violence”. The team spent more than 12 hours a week studying the case to come up with a 95 page, single-spaced document that covered every affirmative and negative argument they could construct.

Currently, Geoffrey Kristof is ranked No. 1 in Lincoln-Douglas debate. He achieved this ranking when he won the Blake Tournament in Minneapolis in mid-December. He moved from third to first in the country and has held onto this ranking with the semifinalist standing at the Harvard Invitational Tournament that took place during President’s Week. For Kristof, a debate is more than just a competition: it’s a forum in which all possible arguments for and against an issue can be explored.

Perhaps even more interesting than Scarsdale’s tournament results however is Fantasydebate.com, a website created by Senior Alon Daks, which is fantasydebatelogorecognized by debate coaches nationwide as the official ranking system for LD. Daks, who comes from a family of top debaters, started to develop the website during his sophomore year. Prior to Fantasydebate.com, there was no real fair way to determine who was the best debater in the country. Rankings were determined by tournament results, but the system did not take into account the level of difficulty of the debater’s bracket. For example, if a debater defeated 8 unranked opponents to reach the final round, as opposed to beating top ranked opponents, they would receive the same number of ranking points. Fantasydebate.com fixed this issue by using an Elo based ranking system. The Elo system, developed by Arpad Elo, a physics professor, was originally used to rank chess players. In the Elo based ranking system, each debater has a number rating which increases and decreases based on the results of individual debate rounds rather than the results of overall tournaments. The winner of a debate between two debaters gains a certain number of points in his rating system and the losing debater loses the same number of points. The number of points won or lost in a debate depends on the difference in the ratings of the debaters; therefore, a debater gains more points by beating a higher-rated debater than one who is lower-rated regardless of in what round they achieve their victory. Daks’s site is visited 33,000 times per month, and has collected data from over 32,250 individual debate rounds in the three years it has been running.

In addition to Kristof and Daks this year’s team has several strong debaters including Zach Edelman, Ben Fife, Sam Natbony, Grant Reitler, and Larry Millstein all who are ranked in the top 100. Five of Scarsdale’s debaters have already qualified for the Tournament of Champions, the most prestigious LD tournament of the year which takes place the first weekend in May at the University of Kentucky.

Pictured at top:
Grant Reiter (Junior), Stephen Friedman (Junior), Zach Edelman(Senior), Doug Meyers (Senior), Alon Daks (Senior), Jared Young (Class of 2011), Sam Natbony (Junior), Ben Fife (Senior), Josh Annex (Sophomore)

Heffner

Contributor Will Heffner is a senior at Scarsdale High School and has been a lifelong resident of Scarsdale. In his free time, he enjoys acting, and playing music. If you would like to contact Will for any questions or comments, he can be reached at This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Proposed Scarsdale School Budget to Comply With State Cap

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taxcapThose who decry high Scarsdale school taxes may be appeased by the latest news from the Scarsdale Board of Education now indicating that the proposed school budget for 2012-13 will comply with the 2% New York State tax cap. However, the irony is that the 2% cap has now been adjusted to 2.99%.

According to the law, the 2% cap can be adjusted for the growth rate, increases in pension and retire payment above 2%, capital improvements and equipment purchases. Due to this change in the formula for the cap and the Board’s decision to utilize surplus funds and decrease reserves, the proposed budget now falls within the allowable increase.

The total proposed school budget for 2012-13 is now $141,634,884, representing a 2.30% increase over the 2011-12 budget. This will translate to a 2.89% increase in the tax levy and tax increases of 3.81% for Scarsdale residents and 2.64% for those in the Mamaroneck strip.

The first proposed budget was $1.2 million above the cap but this gap was eliminated when a change in the rules for the school’s tax cap calculation permitted Scarsdale to exempt $300,000 for the purchase of new school buses from the cap. In addition, the Board opted to add $500,000 in surplus funds to the 2012-13 budget,decrease the health insurance reserve by $300,000 and to reduce the reserve for electricity by $250,000.

For the past several years, the budget surplus has been growing, and the Board felt comfortable to begin spending it down.  After lengthy discussions the Board decided that a portion of the large surplus should be spent to fund next year’s budget and that the reserves for the health plan and electricity could be reduced. Discussing the surplus, Board President Jill Spieler said, “After careful review the Board decided that it would be in the District’s best interest to cut back on our planned year over year fund balance by $500,000 for 2012-13. The Board feels confident that we are still leaving ourselves with a responsible level of reserves in both designated and undesignated categories.” Board member Jonathan Lewis said we are “adequately reserved,” and Lew Leone said it was “time to be less conservative with our rainy day funds.” He cited decreasing enrollment and a flattening out of future expenses as reasons to reduce the amount held in surplus and reserve funds.

Since funding for capital improvement projects are not included in the cap, the Board discussed including funds for some needed improvements to the schools and decided to add $350,000 to the budget for these projects. Though they have not yet decided what will be done, here are some projects under consideration:

  • Renovations of the high school auto shop to create a satellite cafeteria and work area for students to alleviate crowding in the cafeteria and provide space for group activities and learning.
  • A new fitness center at the high school, which had been approved in 2008, but put off due to budget constraints
  • Renovations of the serving area of the high school kitchen
  • Bathroom renovations at the middle school
  • Replacement of the seating in the high school auditorium
  • Construction of a bathroom in Choice at the middle school
  • Replacement of the kindergarten playground at Fox Meadow
  • Replacement of the flywheel or curtain rigging on the middle school stage
  • Regrading of Dean Field at SHS where the northwest corner of the field is often under water.

The Board will need to finalize their thinking on capitol projects by early March and submit proposed projects to the state for approval.

In addition, to the $350,000 for capitol improvements, the Board also designated $100,000 for a new Center for Innovation for the district. The center will develop models of instruction and explore how technology can transform learning. The funding will be used for speakers, site visits, and research to investigate how the schools can integrate new technologies into the educational system. As part of the process, the district will look into partnering with universities and corporations and will work with community members who are knowledgeable in the field. Findings will be published in an e-journal and shared both inside and outside the district.

In discussing the school budget, Superintendent Mike McGill restated his belief that Scarsdale taxpayers want a quality education and are willing to pay a reasonable amount to fund it. He feels that the proposed budget is the right budget for Scarsdale and he added, “My sense is that the large majority of people believe that is what we should be doing.”

Now that the budget no longer exceeds the cap, the community will not need to pass it by a 60% super majority vote in May. Budgets that comply with the state cap need only pass by a simple majority vote.

 

 

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